Open AccessThe Association Between Hypoxia Improvement and Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder
Author(s) -
Zhida Bian,
Hui Li,
Yanlong Liu,
Yanjun Cao,
Youngjong Kang,
Yongjun Yu,
Feng Zhang,
Cunbao Li,
Yimin Kang,
Fan Wang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1178-2021
pISSN - 1176-6328
DOI - 10.2147/ndt.s318919
Subject(s) - medicine , electroconvulsive therapy , hamd , major depressive disorder , hypoxia (environmental) , depression (economics) , hamilton rating scale for depression , rating scale , nitric oxide , gastroenterology , psychology , significant difference , developmental psychology , chemistry , organic chemistry , electroconvulsive shock , amygdala , oxygen , economics , macroeconomics
The occurrence of depression was related with a state of mild hypoxia for a long time. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) modulates the process from acute to chronic hypoxia, consequently regulating changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Increasing levels of iNOS combined with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been associated with the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which increase the severity of depression.