Open Access(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine Alleviates Electroconvulsive Shock-Induced Learning Impairment by Inhibiting Autophagy
Author(s) -
Xiaomei Zhong,
Cong Ouyang,
Wanyuan Liang,
Cunying Dai,
Weiru Zhang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1178-2021
pISSN - 1176-6328
DOI - 10.2147/ndt.s278422
Subject(s) - medicine , electroconvulsive therapy , autophagy , electroconvulsive shock , ketamine , morris water navigation task , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , hippocampus , anesthesia , endocrinology , pharmacology , signal transduction , apoptosis , biology , biochemistry
Learning impairment after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is common. Ketamine, an anesthetic used for ECT, has been demonstrated to attenuate cognitive impairment after ECT. However, the mechanism by which ketamine occurs in this case is still unknown. We aimed to explore the role of ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-HNK] in the protection against learning impairment and investigate whether autophagy is involved in the protective effect.