Open Access<p>The Immune Modulation Effect of Locoregional Therapies and Its Potential Synergy with Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma</p>
Author(s) -
Prabhsimranjot Singh,
Sudhamshi Toom,
Akshay Avula,
Varun Kumar,
Osama E. Rahma
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of hepatocellular carcinoma
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2253-5969
DOI - 10.2147/jhc.s187121
Subject(s) - hepatocellular carcinoma , immunotherapy , immune system , tumor microenvironment , medicine , liver cancer , oncology , cancer research , immunology
Locoregional therapies (LRTs) including radiofrequency ablation, surgical resection, and TACE, play a pivotal role in the treatment of early stage/locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides their direct effect on tumor cells, LRTs also play an essential role in the immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment which is of interest in the current era of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the HCC immune microenvironment and how it is affected by LRTs as described in multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and provide the rationale for combining LRTs with immunotherapy.