Open Access<p>Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy</p>
Author(s) -
Birhanu Ayelign,
Yonas Akalu,
Banchamlak Teferi,
Meseret Derbew Molla,
Tewodros Shibabaw
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of asthma and allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.162
H-Index - 30
ISSN - 1178-6965
DOI - 10.2147/jaa.s273556
Subject(s) - hygiene hypothesis , immunology , allergy , medicine , immunoglobulin e , eosinophilia , immune system , helminthiasis , helminths , helminth infections , antibody
Allergic diseases are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, particularly in developed countries. In contrast, there is a decrease in the prevalence of helminthic infections and other neglected diseases. The hygiene hypothesis elaborates parasitic infection, and allergy-associated diseases have an inverse relationship. Acute helminthic infection and allergic reaction stimulate Type 2 helper cells (Th2) immune response with up-regulation of cytokines IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-mediated IgE and mast cell production, as well as eosinophilia. However, people who chronically suffer from helminthic infections are demarcated through polarized Th2 resulting in alternative macrophage activation and T regulatory response. This regulatory system reduces allergy incidence in individuals that are chronically diseased through helminth. As a result, the excretory-secretory (ES) substance derived from parasites and extracellular vesicular components can be used as a novel therapeutic modality of allergy. Therefore, the aim of this review meticulously explored the link between helminth infection and allergy, and utilization of the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulation.