Open AccessC4d at Crossroads Between Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis and C3 Glomerulopathy
Author(s) -
Shaarif Bashir,
Mudassar Hussain,
Aurangzeb Afzal,
Usman Hassan,
Maryam Hameed,
Sajid Mushtaq
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of nephrology and renovascular disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.846
H-Index - 27
ISSN - 1178-7058
DOI - 10.2147/ijnrd.s285302
Subject(s) - glomerulopathy , glomerulonephritis , staining , medicine , pathology , biopsy , immunohistochemistry , immunofluorescence , immune system , h&e stain , renal biopsy , alternative complement pathway , kidney , immunology , antibody , complement system
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) (immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis) and C3 glomerulopathy are sub-types of glomerulonephritis (GN) with hypercellularity. Both have overlapping clinical and morphologic features on a kidney biopsy, however, the treatment and prognosis of these diseases are quite different making their distinction of utmost importance. Immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis arises from glomerular deposition of immune-complexes (Igs) and C3 as a result of activation of classical (CP) and lectin pathways (LP). C4d is produced as a result of activation of the CP/LP. On the other hand, C3 glomerulopathy results from activation of alternative pathway of complement.