Open Access<p>Monte Carlo Evaluation of Dose Enhancement Due to CuATSM or GNP Uptake in Hypoxic Environments with External Beam Radiation</p>
Author(s) -
Stephen K. Martinez,
A. Brandl,
Del Leary
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of nanomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.245
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1178-2013
pISSN - 1176-9114
DOI - 10.2147/ijn.s241756
Subject(s) - monte carlo method , materials science , radiation , beam (structure) , copper , oxygen enhancement ratio , chemistry , oxygen , physics , optics , mathematics , organic chemistry , metallurgy , statistics
Most solid tumors contain areas of chronic hypoxia. Gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been extensively explored as enhancers of external beam radiation; however, GNP have lower cellular uptake in hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. Conversely, the chelator diacetyl-bis (N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazonato) copper II (CuATSM) deposits copper in hypoxic regions, allowing for dose enhancement in previously inaccessible regions.