Open AccessCOVID-19 Pandemic: Review of Contemporary and Forthcoming Detection Tools
Author(s) -
Mumtarin Jannat Oishee,
Tamanna Ali,
Nowshin Jahan,
Shahad Saif Khandker,
Ahsanul Haq,
Mohib Ullah Khondoker,
Bijon Kumar Sil,
Halyna Lugova,
Ambigga Krishnapillai,
Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar,
Santosh Kumar,
Mainul Haque,
Mohd. Raeed Jamiruddin,
Nihad Adnan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
infection and drug resistance
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.033
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 1178-6973
DOI - 10.2147/idr.s289629
Subject(s) - pandemic , covid-19 , metagenomics , virology , medicine , computational biology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , biology , disease , outbreak , pathology , biochemistry , gene
Recent severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19, presents a deadly challenge to the global healthcare system of developing and developed countries, exposing the limitations of health facilities preparedness for emerging infectious disease pandemic. Opportune detection, confinement, and early treatment of infected cases present the first step in combating COVID-19. In this review, we elaborate on various COVID-19 diagnostic tools that are available or under investigation. Consequently, cell culture, followed by an indirect fluorescent antibody, is one of the most accurate methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, restrictions imposed by the regulatory authorities prevented its general use and implementation. Diagnosis via radiologic imaging and reverse transcriptase PCR assay is frequently employed, considered as standard procedures, whereas isothermal amplification methods are currently on the verge of clinical introduction. Notably, techniques such as CRISPR-Cas and microfluidics have added new dimensions to the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Furthermore, commonly used immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), neutralization assay, and the chemiluminescent assay can also be used for early detection and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, advancement in the next generation sequencing (NGS) and metagenomic analysis are smoothing the viral detection further in this global challenge.