Open AccessGenome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling
Author(s) -
Yosef Tsegaye Dabi,
Sisay Teka Degechisa
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.853
H-Index - 43
ISSN - 1178-7007
DOI - 10.2147/dmso.s366967
Subject(s) - induced pluripotent stem cell , diabetes mellitus , genome editing , disease , maturity onset diabetes of the young , type 2 diabetes , biology , computational biology , bioinformatics , genome , genetics , medicine , embryonic stem cell , gene , endocrinology
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.