Open Access<p>Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes: Associations and Therapeutic Implications</p>
Author(s) -
Yohannes Tsegyie Wondmkun
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.853
H-Index - 43
ISSN - 1178-7007
DOI - 10.2147/dmso.s275898
Subject(s) - insulin resistance , adipose tissue , endocrinology , medicine , obesity , diabetes mellitus , insulin , type 2 diabetes , lipodystrophy , type 2 diabetes mellitus , hormone , oxidative stress , immunology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , antiretroviral therapy , viral load
Obesity is a triggering factor for diabetes associated with insulin resistance. In individuals who are obese, higher amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, and pro-inflammatory cytokines that could participate in the development of insulin resistance are released by adipose tissue. Besides, endoplasmic reticulum stress, adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, lipodystrophy, and genetic background have a role in insulin resistance. However, no effective drug therapy was developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus targeting these physiological factors. This is might be due to a lack of agreement on the comprehensive mechanism of insulin resistance. Therefore, this review assesses the cellular components of each physiologic and pathophysiologic factors that are involved in obesity associated insulin resistance, and may encourage further drug development in this field.