Open Access<p>Characterization and Treatment of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Adipose Tissue</p>
Author(s) -
Zhenhua Lu,
Yao Li,
Jianguo Song
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.853
H-Index - 43
ISSN - 1178-7007
DOI - 10.2147/dmso.s271509
Subject(s) - adipose tissue , adipokine , insulin resistance , inflammation , endocrinology , medicine , adipocyte , insulin
Adipose tissue is the largest energy storage and protection organ. It is distributed subcutaneously and around the internal organs. It regulates metabolism by storing and releasing fatty acids and secreting adipokines. Excessive nutritional intake results in adipocyte hypertrophy and proliferation, leading to local hypoxia in adipose tissue and changes in the release of adipokines. These lead to recruit of more immune cells into adipose tissue and release of inflammatory signaling factors. Excess free fatty acids and inflammatory factors interfere with intracellular insulin signaling. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of obese adipose tissue and analyze how its inflammation causes insulin resistance. We further discuss the latest clinical research progress on the control of insulin resistance and inflammation resulting from obesity through anti-inflammatory therapy and bariatric surgery. Our review shows that targeted anti-inflammatory therapy is of great significance for obese patients with insulin resistance.