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COPD is an inflammatory airway pathology associated with recurrent infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) that is not effectively managed by macrolide antibiotic therapy. We hypothesised that NTHi is able to reside intracellularly within COPD-derived airway epithelial cells (AEC), and that the factors contained in cigarette smoke when coupled with exposure to erythromycin or azithromycin arrest autophagy, the principle mechanism responsible for clearing intracellular bacteria (called "xenophagy").

international journal of copd

&lt;p&gt;COPD-Related Modification to the Airway Epithelium Permits Intracellular Residence of Nontypeable &lt;em&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;/em&gt; and May Be Potentiated by Macrolide Arrest of Autophagy&lt;/p&gt;