Open AccessIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and overall survival in patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Pakistan
Author(s) -
Kashif Asghar,
Asif Loya,
Iftikhar Ali Rana,
Muhammad Tahseen,
Muhammad Ishaq,
Asim V. Farooq,
Muhammad Abu Bakar,
Iqra Masood
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
cancer management and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.024
H-Index - 40
ISSN - 1179-1322
DOI - 10.2147/cmar.s184221
Subject(s) - breast cancer , medicine , triple negative breast cancer , immunohistochemistry , oncology , indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase , estrogen receptor , progesterone receptor , biomarker , cancer , biology , tryptophan , biochemistry , amino acid
Immune dysfunction in breast cancer patients is well established. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme that is linked with progression of cancer. IDO is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases.