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Anew hydrous magnesic-niobic oxide mineral, fuyuanite (IMA 2024-059), ideally Mg 7 Nb 6 O 18 (OH) 8 , has been discovered in the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, China. The mineral occurs in a Mesoproterozoic dolomite-calcite carbonatite dike, and it is associated with oboniobite, fersmite, pyrochlore, magnetite, dolomite, apatite, and calcite. Individual crystals range in size from 40 to 60 μm, and no twinning is observed. The mineral is reddish-brown to brown and translucent, with a vitreous luster. The calculated density is 4.156 g/cm 3 . Electron microprobe analyses of 18 spots yielded the main components of fuyuanite (total 99.41 wt%): Nb 2 O 5  (average of 67.34 wt%), MgO (21.66 wt%), FeO (2.89 wt%), MnO (1.18 wt%), TiO 2  (0.21 wt%), and H 2 O (6.12 wt%, calculated assuming H = 8 apfu). The empirical formula calculated on the basis of O = 26 apfu is (Mg 6.31 Fe 0.53 Mn 0.20 )Σ 7.03 (Nb 5.96 Ti 0.03 )Σ 5.99 O 18 (OH) 8 , and the simplified formula is (Mg,Fe,Mn) 7 (Nb,Ti) 6 O 18 (OH) 8 .

Fuyuanite [Mg 7 Nb 6 O 18 (OH) 8 ], a new hydrous magnesic-niobic oxide mineral from the Bayan Obo deposit, China