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Highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) is susceptible to winter freezing injury and frost damage in the spring. As part of an ongoing project to understand the process of cold acclimation, we isolated a C-repeat binding factor ( CBF ) transcriptional activator gene-coding region from the highbush blueberry cultivar Bluecrop. Expression of the highbush blueberry  CBF  gene was compared in floral buds of the cold-tolerant northern highbush cultivar Bluecrop and the more cold-sensitive southern rabbiteye ( V. virgatum ) blueberry cultivar Tifblue. Relative gene expression was higher in ‘Bluecrop’ than in ‘Tifblue’. Expression in both cultivars was highest at the earliest time point in the fall (coincident with the first stage of cold acclimation), declined during the later fall and winter, and, in ‘Bluecrop’, increased again as buds deacclimated, when temperatures tend to fluctuate. To confirm the putative identity of the gene as a member of the  CBF  gene family, and to determine if expression in a heterologous system could enhance freezing tolerance, the blueberry gene coding sequence was overexpressed in transgenic  Arabidopsis thaliana  under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic plants expressing the putative blueberry  CBF  gene exhibited induced expression of the  A. thaliana  cold-regulated ( COR ) genes  COR78  and  COR6.6 , under non-inducing conditions (i.e., 23 °C); however, expression of two other  COR  genes was unaffected. Transgenic plants also exhibited enhanced freezing tolerance under non-acclimated conditions, but not to the level of acclimated control plants. Thus, the expression pattern in floral buds and the ability of the isolated gene to turn on a subset of  COR  genes and increase freezing tolerance in a heterologous system suggest it is a functional member of the  CBF  gene family in blueberry.

journal of the american society for horticultural science

Functional Identification of a C-repeat Binding Factor Transcriptional Activator from Blueberry Associated with Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance