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The fusion of pluripotent embryonic cells with somatic cells results in reprogramming of the somatic cell genome.  Oct4 ‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenes that do not contain the proximal enhancer (PE) region are widely used to visualize reprogramming of the somatic to the pluripotent cell state. The temporal onset of  Oct4 ‐GFP activation has been found to occur 40–48 hours postfusion. We asked whether activation of the transgene actually reflects activation of the endogenous  Oct4  gene. In the current study, we show that activation of an  Oct4 ‐GFP transgene that contains the PE region occurs within 22 hours of fusion. In addition, demethylation of the  Oct4 ‐GFP transgene and that of the endogenous  Oct4  and  Nanog  genes was found to occur within 24 hours of fusion. As this timing corresponds with the timing of cell cycle completion in embryonic stem cells and fusion hybrids (∼22 hours), we postulate that pluripotential reprogramming of the somatic cell genome begins during the first cell cycle after the fusion of a somatic cell with a pluripotent cell and has been completed by day 2 postfusion.  Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

Pluripotential Reprogramming of the Somatic Genome in Hybrid Cells Occurs with the First Cell Cycle