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CXCR4 is the receptor for the chemokine stromal derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), is expressed on CD34 +  cells, and has been implicated in the process of CD34 +  cell migration and homing. We studied the mobilization of CD34/CXCR4 cells and the plasma levels of SDF‐1 and flt3‐ligand (flt3‐L) in 36 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cy) plus G‐CSF (arm A), Cy plus GM‐CSF (arm B), or Cy plus GM‐CSF followed by G‐CSF (arm C) for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and autotransplantation.  We observed lower plasma levels of SDF‐1 in PBSCs compared to premobilization bone marrow samples. The mean plasma SDF‐1 levels were similar in PBSC collections in the three arms of the study. In contrast, SDF‐1 levels in the apheresis collections of the “good mobilizers” (patients who collected a minimum of 2 × 10 6  CD34 +  cells/kg in one to four PBSC collections) were significantly lower than the apheresis collections of the “poor mobilizers” (≥0.4 × 10 6  CD34 +  cells/kg in the first two PBSC collections; 288 ± 82 pg/ml versus 583 ± 217 pg/ml;  p  = 0.0009). The mean percentage of CD34 +  cells expressing CXCR4 in the apheresis collections was decreased in the PBSC collections compared with premobilization values from 28% to 19.4%. Furthermore, the percentage of CD34 +  cells expressing CXCR4 in the good mobilizers was significantly lower compared with the poor mobilizers (14.7 ± 2.1% versus 33.6 ± 2.1%;  p  = 0.002). The good mobilizers had also significantly lower levels of flt3‐L compared with the poor mobilizers (34 ± 4 pg/ml versus 106 ± 11 pg/ml;  p  = 0.006), Finally, the levels of flt3‐L strongly correlated with SDF‐1 levels ( r  = 0.8;  p  &lt; 0.0001). We conclude: A) low plasma levels of SDF‐1 and low expression of CXCR4 characterize patients with good mobilization outcome, and B) the levels of SDF‐1 correlate with flt3‐L, suggesting an association of these cytokines in mobilization of CD34 +  cells.

Plasma Levels of SDF‐1 and Expression of SDF‐1 Receptor on CD34 + Cells in Mobilized Peripheral Blood of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients