Open AccessCongenital scoliosis: a narrative review and proposal of a treatment algorithm
Author(s) -
Amer Sebaaly,
Mohammad Daher,
Bendy Salameh,
Ali Ghoul,
Samuel George,
Sami Roukoz
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
efort open reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.588
H-Index - 22
ISSN - 2058-5241
DOI - 10.1530/eor-21-0121
Subject(s) - scoliosis , medicine , syrinx (medicine) , spinal cord , deformity , spinal fusion , congenital scoliosis , vertebra , rib cage , radiology , magnetic resonance imaging , syringomyelia , algorithm , surgery , anatomy , computer science , psychiatry
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a spinal deformity resulting from underlying spinal malformations with an incidence of 0.5-1/1000 births. CS makes up 10% of scoliotic deformities, of which 25% do not progress, 25% progress mildly and 50% need treatment depending on the age, curve characteristics and magnitude and type of anomaly. CS is associated with non-vertebral anomalies (genitourinary, musculoskeletal, cardiac, ribs anomalies, etc.) and intraspinal anomalies (syrinx and tethered cord). Imaging should include whole spine X-rays, CT scanner with reconstruction to better delineate the vertebral anomalies and MRI to visualize the neural elements. Treatment of CS in the majority of cases is non-surgical and relies on fusion techniques (in situ fusion and hemiepiphysiodeis), resection techniques (hemiverterba resection), and growth-friendly techniques (distraction and instrumentation without fusion).