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Tau is a microtubule‐associated neuronal protein found mainly in axons. However, its presence in dendrites and dendritic spines is particularly relevant due to its involvement in synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that Tau plays a novel  in vivo  role in the morphological and synaptic maturation of newborn hippocampal granule neurons under basal conditions. Furthermore, we reveal that Tau is involved in the selective cell death of immature granule neurons caused by acute stress. Also, Tau deficiency protects newborn neurons from the stress‐induced dendritic atrophy and loss of postsynaptic densities ( PSD s). Strikingly, we also demonstrate that Tau regulates the increase in newborn neuron survival triggered by environmental enrichment ( EE ). Moreover, newborn granule neurons from Tau −/−  mice did not show any stimulatory effect of  EE  on dendritic development or on  PSD  generation. Thus, our data demonstrate that Tau −/−  mice show impairments in the maturation of newborn granule neurons under basal conditions and that they are insensitive to the modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis exerted by both stimulatory and detrimental stimuli.

Novel function of Tau in regulating the effects of external stimuli on adult hippocampal neurogenesis