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Recent studies indicate an extremely high level of tolerance to boron (B) toxicity in  Puccinellia distans  (Jacq.) Parl. but the mechanistic basis is not known.   Puccinellia distans  was exposed to B concentrations of up to 1000 mg B L −1  and root B uptake, growth parameters, B and N contents, H 2 O 2  accumulation and ·OH-scavenging activity were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation products were determined. B appears to be actively excluded from roots. Excess B supply caused structural deformations in roots and leaves, H 2 O 2  accumulation and simultaneous up-regulation of the antioxidative system, which prevented lipid peroxidation even at the highest B concentrations. Thus,  P. distans  has an efficient root B-exclusion capability and, in addition, B tolerance in shoots is achieved by a well-regulated antioxidant defense system.

Extremely high boron tolerance in Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. related to root boron exclusion and a well-regulated antioxidant system