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Objectives Rhodomyrtus tomentosa  ( Aiton. )  Hassk.  ( R. tomentosa ) is rich in nutrients and has multiple pharmacological applications. Anthocyanins confer color to the flowers and berries of  R. tomentosa  and provide protection against photodamage. The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene ( DFR ) and phenylalanine ammonialyase gene ( PAL ) are crucial for anthocyanin synthesis. Methods DFR  and  PAL  transcript levels and anthocyanin content in the pigmented organs of  R. tomentosa  were investigated through qRT-PCR analysis and spectrophotometry, respectively. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) gene was selected as the reference gene for the normalization of  DFR  and  PAL  transcript levels. Results Transcript levels of  DFR  and  PAL  were higher in organs with vigorous metabolism than those in senescent organs.  DFR  and  PAL  transcript levels were up-regulated during the initial and middle-maturity periods of fruit. These expression patterns are consistent with fruit color development. The highest transcript levels of  PAL  and  DFR  were observed during the middle-maturity period or the red-fruit period. Conclusion During the late maturity period of  R. tomentosa  fruit, the transcript levels of the two genes were down-regulated even though anthocyanins were continuously accumulated, which was different from the accumulation of anthocyanins in some late mature fruits.

DFR and PAL gene transcription and their correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk.