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Aim This study was evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP-2, -9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase -1, -2 (TIMP-1, -2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophages. Methods Human monocyte precursor cells (THP-1) were differentiated into macrophage-adherent cells and were stimulated with LPS for 24 h. Then individually incubated with NAC or Ca(OH) 2  for 24, 48 and 72 h. Following incubation, protein expression and mRNA levels of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1, -2 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data were statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA, to followed by Bonferroni test at α=0.05. Results NAC significantly decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of MMP-9, while Ca(OH) 2  decreased mRNA expression alone at 24 h. NAC and Ca(OH) 2  decreased mRNA expression of MMP-2 at 24 h, while NAC increased this expression at 48 h. Although NAC and Ca(OH) 2  decreased the mRNA expression of TIMP-1, -2 at 24 h, only NAC increased mRNA expression of TIMP-1 at 48 h. Conclusion At the early stages of inflammation, NAC and Ca(OH) 2  have anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.

Effects of calcium hydroxide and N-acetylcysteine on MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophage cell lines