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Solution-processable conductive polymers are advantageous materials for making inexpensive, electrical junctions to crystalline semiconductors. We have investigated methods to improve the device performance of hybrid solar cells made from n-type silicon and a conductive polymer glue based on a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and  D -sorbitol. The PEDOT:PSS blend behaves like a high work function metal creating a Schottky-type junction. The addition of  D -sorbitol increases PEDOT:PSS conductivity and provides adhesive properties, allowing the top contact of the solar cell to be laminated onto the silicon substrate. Unfortunately, the addition of the  D -sorbitol to the PEDOT:PSS significantly alters the shape of the measured current-voltage performance curve of a crystalline silicon (n-Si)/PEDOT:PSS junction. Under illumination, this results in a decline in the fill factor ( FF ) and a drop in photocurrent density ( J   sc ) compared to PEDOT:PSS-only devices. We have discovered that the decline in device performance is likely due to surface trap states caused by  D -sorbitol/silicon interaction and/or silicon oxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis shows that surface oxidation quickens, and possible silicon surface functionalization with  D -sorbitol occurs while processing the  D -sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS contact on H-terminated surfaces. To overcome these interface issues, the silicon surface was chemically modified using surface methylation, making it insensitive to  D -sorbitol/silicon interactions and surface oxidation during the processing of the PEDOT:PSS polymer blend contact. This also enabled the crystalline silicon (n-Si)/s-PEDOT:PSS device performance to be maintained for longer periods. Using a silicon surface methylation strategy, good device performance could be achieved without changing the adhesive properties of  D -sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS polymer blend.

pure and applied chemistry

Mitigating the charge trapping effects of  D -sorbitol/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer blend contacts to crystalline silicon