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This work aimed to study the potential effects of four  Arctii folium  extracts, 5 mg gallic [GAE] acid equivalents  per  1 mL sample, on six antibiotics (Ampicillin/AM, Tetracycline/TE, Ciprofloxacin/CIP, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim/SXT, Chloramphenicol/C and Gentamicin/CN) tested on four Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus  ATCC 6538,  Staphylococcus aureus  ATCC 25923,  Enterococcus faecalis  ATCC 29212, and  Staphylococcus epidermidis  ATCC 12228) and five Gram-negative ( Proteus mirabilis  ATCC 29245,  Escherichia coli  ATCC 35218,  E. coli  ATCC 11229,  E. coli  ATCC 8739, and  Bacillus cereus  ATCC 11778) bacteria.  Arctii folium  extracts were the whole ethanol extract/W and subsequent ethyl acetate/EA, aqueous/AQ, and chloroform/CHL fractions. Chemical qualitative analysis (HPTLC method) emphasized five main polyphenol compounds in  Arctii folium  polar extracts: chlorogenic acid (Rf≈0.52/0.55) and its isomer, 1,5-di- O -caffeoylquinic acid (Rf≈0.90/0.92), plus cynarin (Rf≈0.77), hyperoside (Rf≈0.68/0.64) and isoquercitrin (Rf≈0.69/0.71). Microbiological screening indicated  Arctii folium  polar extracts (AQ and W) efficacy on  S. epidermidis  ATCC 12228; the MIC values were in the range of common antibiotics, being 32 and 128 μg GAE  per  mL sample respectively. The unpredictable effects (stimulatory or inhibitory) of  Arctii folium  extracts in combination with typical antibiotics as well as a potential use of the whole ethanol extract/W for restoring the antimicrobial potency of susceptible antibiotics have also been evidenced.

open chemistry

Burdock ( Arctium lappa ) Leaf Extracts Increase the  In Vitro  Antimicrobial Efficacy of Common Antibiotics on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria