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Plants belonging to the genus  Salvia  (Lamiaceae) are known to have a wide range of biological properties. In this work, extracts obtained from the aerial parts of  Salvia sclareoides  Brot. were evaluated to investigate their chemical composition, toxicity, bioactivity, and stability under  in vitro  gastrointestinal conditions. The composition of the supercritical fluid extract was determined by GC and GC-MS, while the identification of the infusion constituents was performed by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS. The  in vitro  cytotoxicity of both extracts (0-2 mg/mL) was evaluated in Caco-2 cell lines by the MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities were determined through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, while β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching test and the DPPH assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The infusion inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 (IC 50  = 271.0 μg/mL), and acetylcholinesterase (IC 50  = 487.7 μg/ mL) enzymes, also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, as evaluated by the DPPH (IC 50  = 10.4 μg/mL) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (IC 50  = 30.0 μg/mL) assays. No remarkable alterations in the composition or in the bioactivities of the infusion were observed after  in vitro  digestion, which supports the potential of  S .  sclareoides  as a source of bioactive ingredients with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of the Aqueous and Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Salvia sclareoides Brot