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This paper examines Japanese sequential voicing phenomenon, so-called  rendaku  from the perspective of syntax-morphophonology interface. In particular, how the nature of the relation between the first and second element (E1 and E2, respectively) of a compound affects rendaku in E2 in novel deverbal-noun compound formation is investigated. An experiment that examined the frequency of rendaku depending on the nature of E2 (existing vs. nonce) and the relationship between E1 and E2 (subject, indirect object, direct object, locative adjunct, and instrument adjunct) showed that, rendaku is significantly less frequent with a nonce E2, with direct objects than subjects, and with locative adjuncts than instrument adjuncts. Importantly, contrary to what previous studies predicted, argument-adjunct distinction did not hold a significant effect. These findings can be accounted for under the hypothesis that speakers have two competing motivations, to use the rendaku form and show the uniformness of a compound, or to use the non-rendaku form and keep E2 unchanged, and that rendaku is sensitive to different types of grammatical relations between components of a compound. (Areas of study: Experimental syntax, Phonology, Morphophonology).

When syntax and semantics of compounds matter to voicing alternations: an experimental investigation of effects of grammatical relation on rendaku