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The earliest Greek translation of the Qur’an is preserved only partially, mainly by way of an anti-Islamic polemic by Nicetas of Byzantium (9th/10th century CE) titled  Refutation of the Qur’an . The text of this so-called  Coranus Graecus  does not, however, wholly conform to the Arabic reading of the Qur’an as transmitted by Ḥafṣ  ʿan  ʿĀṣim. Since Nicetas’ work survives only in a single manuscript, Vat. gr. 681, these textual departures may have originated at multiple stages in the transmission history of the  Coranus Graecus .

journal of the international qur’anic studies association

The Transmission Chain of the   Coranus Graecus   (Vat. gr. 681): On the Possible Origins of the Divergences between the Greek Translation of the Qur’an and the Qur’anic Reading Ḥafṣ  ʿan  ʿĀṣim