English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

In theory, the owner of intellectual property (IP) has the right to utilize it for profitable purposes. It is well acknowledged that the mutual objectives of IP law and competition law are to foster competition. Nonetheless, anti-competitive behaviors, such as refusing to grant IP licenses, are forbidden by Pakistan’s competition law and may be considered as an abuse of market dominating position. Due to their generality and absence of a clear methodology for evaluation, Pakistan’s anti-trust laws pertaining to the refusal to license IP provide too much latitude to the Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) in interpreting the legislation. The EU and China, the two main antitrust authorities in the modern world, have independent stances when it comes to rejecting IP licenses. By looking at comparative experiences, the EU’s strategy makes greater sense for Pakistan. By recognizing the importance of IP and its impact on innovation, it is recommended that Pakistan need to implement a clear-up standard to evaluate situations involving IP refusals under the Competition Act. Provisions about the remedy of a license denial should be included in Pakistani law in the interim. Regarding the denial of licenses, Pakistan might increase the transparency of its anti-monopoly legislation and establish a steady expectation, domestically and internationally, for technological endeavors. If enacted, these suggestions would enhance the application of Pakistani competition law in the region and give Pakistani courts and the CCP more detailed instructions on how to handle future interactions regarding the refusal to license IP and competition law.

Intellectual property refusals as an antitrust violation in Pakistan: how may the present strategy be enhanced?