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Microbial contamination of food causes significant economic losses. This study investigates the effectiveness of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) in eliminating common Gram-negative bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms on liquid and solid foods under various environmental conditions. Three models were tested: planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms. IPL treatments were applied at three capacitance intensities (650 μF, 470 μF, and 220 μF) with varying irradiation cycles. Results showed IPL achieved over 99.9 % sterilization efficacy for planktonic bacteria, while 2-day biofilms exhibited greater resistance than 8-h biofilms. Temperature (4 °C and 25 °C) did not significantly affect IPL efficacy. IPL effectively inactivated four Gram-negative bacterial strains, though sterilization efficacy varied by strain and growth stage. This study demonstrates that IPL is a promising, non-thermal method for microbial control and food preservation, offering a novel approach to enhance food quality and extend shelf life.

Bactericidal effect of intense pulsed light on Gram-negative bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states