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Glass fiber raw material mixing directly affects glass melting efficiency, fiber forming quality, and final product performance. Understanding the mixing process supports pneumatic homogenizer optimization and improvements in efficiency and uniformity. In this study, a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) was used to simulate the mixing of glass fiber raw materials (pyrophyllite, 70 μm; limestone, 80 μm) in a pneumatic homogenizer under two nozzle configurations: without horizontal nozzles (Case 1) and with horizontal nozzles (Case 2). Engineering-scale similarity was employed in the model to reduce computational cost while preserving dynamic fidelity. Results showed that at a specific location ( Z  = 1.0 m and  X / m  = 0), axial gas and particle velocities in Case 1 (−9.46 m/s; −5.76 m/s) were lower than in Case 2 (−16.12 m/s; −8.74 m/s). The Lacey Mixing Index fluctuated around 0.83 in Case 1, clearly below Case 2 (0.90); particle visualization further revealed noticeable agglomeration in Case 1. The airflow velocity field strongly governs particle motion and mixing efficiency: entrainment forms a fountain-to-wall recirculation that controls particle trajectories. The horizontal jet inlets effectively enhance the mixing behavior between particles at the bottom and upper regions of the pneumatic homogenizer, providing a reliable theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing the mixing process of glass fiber raw materials.

CFD-DEM simulation of the mixing performance of glass fiber raw materials in a pneumatic homogenizer