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The current study successfully biosynthesized bimetallic silver–selenium nanoparticles (Ag–Se NPs) using an extract from  Salvia hispanica  seeds. Our research revealed that  Salvia hispanica  seed extract is a substantial source of various phytochemicals. Ag–Se NPs were characterized by UV, XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, SEM-EDX analyses, and mapping studies. Moreover, Ag–Se NPs showed antimicrobial activity against  E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus , and  B. subtilis . In addition, Ag–Se NPs demonstrated antibiofilm effectiveness against two biofilm-forming bacteria,  K. pneumoniae  and  S. aureus.  Ag–Se NPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS experiments, surpassing ascorbic acid (IC 50  = 354 and 241 µg·mL −1 ). In contrast, the reported low IC 50  values for the tested Ag–Se NPs against prostate (PC3), and ovarian (SK-OV3) cancerous cell lines were 52.5 and 62.94 μg·mL −1 , respectively, indicating their significant efficacy against these cancerous cell lines, and the IC 50  for the Vero cells was 187.8 µg·mL −1 . Anti-diabetic effects were demonstrated by the inhibition of α-amylase (91.1%) and α-glucosidase (85.6%) at 1 mg·mL −1 . Ultimately, Ag–Se NP dosage at the MIC values exhibited reduced expression of the virulence genes  mag A and  tox A in  K. pneumoniae  and  P. aeruginosa  by 29.4% and 24.5%, respectively.

green processing and synthesis

Unwrapping the phytofabrication of bimetallic silver–selenium nanoparticles: Antibacterial, Anti-virulence (Targeting magA and toxA genes), anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-ovarian, and anti-prostate cancer activities