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Bending is a common mechanical load in carbon fiber resin matrix composites, often leading to brittle damage and various failure modes. This study explored the crack propagation and delamination in orthogonally laminated carbon fiber composites under positive and negative bending loads through staged unloading tests. The main failure modes included matrix cracking, fiber fracture, and interlaminar delamination. The study found that laminates with a 90° contact layer had higher bending strength than those with a 0° contact layer. However, the 90° laminate was more prone to delamination under positive bending loads, with both transverse and longitudinal cracks. The 0° laminate exhibited faster crack propagation than delamination under negative bending loads, with transverse cracks dominating, resulting in poorer flexural strength. The study emphasizes the importance of interlaminar bonding strength and the loaded contact layer in optimizing composite layer design for better practical engineering applications.

Bending crack propagation and delamination damage behavior of orthogonal ply laminates under positive and negative loads