Open AccessDiagnosis and Clinical Features in Autoimmune-Mediated Movement Disorders
Author(s) -
PeiChen Hsieh,
YihRu Wu
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of movement disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2093-4939
pISSN - 2005-940X
DOI - 10.14802/jmd.21077
Subject(s) - medicine , autoantibody , autoimmune encephalitis , encephalitis , movement disorders , malignancy , limbic encephalitis , dyskinesia , immunology , phenotype , glioma , neurology , magnetic resonance imaging , pathology , disease , antibody , psychiatry , cancer research , gene , parkinson's disease , biochemistry , virus , chemistry , radiology
Movement disorders are common manifestations in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. This group of diseases is suspected to be triggered by infection or neoplasm. Certain phenotypes correlate with specific autoantibody-related neurological disorders, such as orofacial-lingual dyskinesia with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and faciobrachial dystonic seizures with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially for autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens, can improve prognosis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal agents warrants screening for underlying malignancy. However, early clinical diagnosis is challenging because these diseases can be misdiagnosed. In this article, we review the distinctive clinical phenotypes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and current treatment options for autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.