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The Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptive effects for individuals, firms, andsocieties. In this paper, we offer insights on the major issues and challengesfirms are facing in the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as their concerns forCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) themes. To do so, we investigate largeItalian firms' discussion on Twitter in the first nine months of the pandemic.We downloaded all Twitter posts from 1st of March, 2020, to 17th of November,2020 by the accounts of the largest Italian firms, i.e. those with 250 or moreemployees. We then built the bipartite network of accounts and hashtags and,using an entropy-based null model as a benchmark, we projected the informationcontained in the network into the accounts layers, identifying a network ofaccounts in which a link indicates a non trivial similarity in terms of theirusage of hashtags. We find that the conversation is focused around 13communities, 10 of which include Covid-19 themes. The core of the network isformed of 5 communities, which deal with environmental sustainability, digitalinnovation and safety. Firms' ownership type does not seem to influence theconversation. 10 communities out of 13 mention hashtags related to CSR, withthe environmental and social dimensions as the prevalent ones. Interestinglyenough, the social dimension seems more relevant in the communities dealingwith digital innovation and safety. However, the relevance of CSR hashtags isvery small at the single message level, but with some peculiarities arising inspecific communities. Overall, our paper highlights the role of network methodson Twitter data as a tool which can support managers and policy makers todesign their strategies and decision making, capturing firms' emerging issuesand relevant themes.

Firms' Challenges and Social Responsibilities during Covid-19: a Twitter Analysis