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Objective  Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively.    Materials and methods  A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1–2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters.    Results  Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis ( p  = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index ( β  = 0.369,  p  = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose ( β  = 0.270,  p  = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA 1C  ( β  = 0.293,  p  = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found.    Conclusion  Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA 1C . These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM.

Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis