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Purpose  House dust mites  Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus  are the main source of major inhalatory allergens inducing inflammatory response. Mite extract contain both allergenic proteins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The main allergenic protein, Der p 2, is a functional homolog of sMD-2, a protein providing blood cell response on LPS. Der p 2 may restore the response to LPS in absence of MD-2, but its interaction with LPS in whole blood is unknown. We studied the effect of Der p 2 on LPS-mediated activation of human whole blood cells.    Methods  Interaction of Der p 2 and LPS was studied on eight healthy donors. The whole blood was incubated with extract of house dust mite  Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus  (DP-e), recombinant antigenic protein Der p 2 variant 5 (rDep 2),  Escherichia coli  lipopolysaccharide and their combination. Supernatants were collected for ELISA analysis of protein content. Activation degree was determined by change in concentration of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1Ra cytokines and sMD-2 protein.    Results  extract of mite  Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus  (DP-e) possessed weak inherent activity and did not cause significant increase of cytokine production. Simultaneous activation of blood cells by LPS and DP-e led to considerable increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We have shown the intrinsic inducing activity of Der p 2 allergen on sMD-2 protein and TNF-α cytokine expression.    Conclusions  Der p 2 allergen enhances the response of human whole blood cells to external LPS by inducing additional expression of LPS-transporting protein sMD-2. The obtained data show an important role of LPS contamination of allegrens in the progress of allergic inflammatory response.

Synergistic effect of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on human blood cells