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The spread of COVID-19 caused by the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus hasbecome a worldwide problem with devastating consequences. To slow down thespread of the pandemic, mass quarantines have been implemented globally,provoking further social and economic disruptions. Here, we implement acomprehensive contact tracing network analysis to find an optimized quarantineprotocol to dismantle the chain of transmission of coronavirus with minimaldisruptions to society. We track billions of anonymized GPS human mobilitydatapoints from a compilation of hundreds of mobile apps deployed in LatinAmerica to monitor the evolution of the contact network of disease transmissionbefore and after the confinements. As a consequence of the lockdowns, people'smobility across the region decreases by $\sim$53\%, which results in a drasticdisintegration of the transmission network by $\sim$90\%. However, thisdisintegration did not halt the spreading of the disease. Our analysisindicates that superspreading k-core structures persist in the transmissionnetwork to prolong the pandemic. Once the k-cores are identified, an optimizedstrategy to break the chain of transmission is to quarantine a minimal numberof 'weak links' with high betweenness centrality connecting the large k-cores.As countries built contact tracing apps to fight the pandemic, our resultscould turn into a valuable resource to help deploy quarantine protocols withminimized disruptions.

Superspreading k-cores at the center of COVID-19 pandemic persistence