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Epileptic seizures are characterized by abnormal and excessive neuralactivity, where cortical network dynamics seem to become unstable. However,most of the time, during seizure-free periods, cortex of epilepsy patientsshows perfectly stable dynamics. This raises the question of how recurringinstability can arise in the light of this stable default state. In this work,we examine two potential scenarios of seizure generation: (i) epilepticcortical areas might generally operate closer to instability, which would makeepilepsy patients generally more susceptible to seizures, or (ii) epilepticcortical areas might drift systematically towards instability before seizureonset. We analyzed single-unit spike recordings from both the epileptogenic(focal) and the nonfocal cortical hemispheres of 20 epilepsy patients. Wequantified the distance to instability in the framework of criticality, using anovel estimator, which enables an unbiased inference from a small set ofrecorded neurons. Surprisingly, we found no evidence for either scenario:Neither did focal areas generally operate closer to instability, nor wereseizures preceded by a drift towards instability. In fact, our results fromboth pre-seizure and seizure-free intervals suggest that despite epilepsy,human cortex operates in the stable, slightly subcritical regime, just likecortex of other healthy mammalians.

Assessing criticality in pre-seizure single-neuron activity of human epileptic cortex