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Rhythmic activity has been associated with a wide range of cognitiveprocesses. Previous studies have shown that spike-timing-dependent plasticitycan facilitate the transfer of rhythmic activity downstream the informationprocessing pathway. However, STDP has also been known to generate strongwinner-take-all like competitions between subgroups of correlated synapticinputs. Consequently, one might expect that STDP would induce strongcompetition between different rhythmicity channels thus preventing themultiplexing of information across different frequency channels. This studyexplored whether STDP facilitates the multiplexing of information acrossmultiple frequency channels, and if so, under what conditions. We investigatedthe STDP dynamics in the framework of a model consisting of two competingsubpopulations of neurons that synapse in a feedforward manner onto a singlepostsynaptic neuron. Each sub-population was assumed to oscillate in anindependent manner and in a different frequency band. To investigate the STDPdynamics, a mean field Fokker-Planck theory was developed in the limit of theslow learning rate. Surprisingly, our theory predicted limited interactionsbetween the different sub-groups. Our analysis further revealed that theinteraction between these channels was mainly mediated by the shared componentof the mean activity. Next, we generalized these results beyond the simplisticmodel using numerical simulations. We found that for a wide range ofparameters, the system converged to a solution in which the post-synapticneuron responded to both rhythms. Nevertheless, all the synaptic weightsremained dynamic and did not converge to a fixed point. These findings implythat STDP can support the multiplexing of rhythmic information and demonstratehow functionality can be retained in the face of continuous remodeling of allthe synaptic weights.

Multiplexing rhythmic information by spike timing dependent plasticity