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Understanding the dynamics of Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers iscrucial for determining physical coherence limits, and for finding new superiormethods for experimental realization. In addition, the rich interplay of linearand nonlinear effects in a laser ring system is of great theoretical interest.Here we investigate the dynamics of a highly dispersion-compensated setup,where over a bandwidth of more than 100 nm, a highly coherent output withnearly shot-noise-limited intensity fluctuations was experimentallydemonstrated. This output is called the sweet-spot. We show by numericalsimulation that a finite amount of residual dispersion in the fiber delaycavity of FDML lasers can be compensated by the group delay dispersion in theswept bandpass filter, such that the intensity trace exhibits no dips orhigh-frequency distortions, which are the main source of noise in the laser. Inthe same way, a small detuning from the ideal sweep filter frequency can betolerated. Furthermore, we find that the filter's group delay dispersionimproves the coherence properties of the laser, and acts as a self-stabilizingelement in the cavity. Our theoretical model is validated against experimentaldata, showing that all relevant physical effects for the sweet-spot operatingregime are included.

Self-Stabilization Mechanism in Ultra-Stable Fourier Domain Mode-Locked (FDML) Lasers