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The realization of deterministic photon-photon gates is a central goal inoptical quantum computation and engineering. A longstanding challenge is thatoptical nonlinearities in scalable, room-temperature material platforms are tooweak to achieve the required strong coupling, due to the criticalloss-confinement tradeoff in existing photonic structures. In this work, weintroduce a novel confinement method, dispersion-engineered temporal trapping,to circumvent the tradeoff, paving a route to all-optical strong coupling.Temporal confinement is imposed by an auxiliary trap pulse via cross-phasemodulation, which, combined with the spatial confinement of a waveguide,creates a "flying cavity" that enhances the nonlinear interaction strength byat least an order of magnitude. Numerical simulations confirm that temporaltrapping confines the multimode nonlinear dynamics to a single-mode subspace,enabling high-fidelity deterministic quantum gate operations. With realisticdispersion engineering and loss figures, we show that temporally trappedultrashort pulses could achieve strong coupling on near-term nonlinearnanophotonic platforms. Our results highlight the potential of ultrafastnonlinear optics to become the first scalable, high-bandwidth, androom-temperature platform that achieves a strong coupling, opening a new pathto quantum computing, simulation, and light sources.

Temporal trapping: a route to strong coupling and deterministic optical quantum computation