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Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial with the relative permittivityapproaching zero has been a hot research subject in the past decades. The wavein the ENZ region has infinite phase velocity ($v=1/\sqrt{\varepsilon\mu}$),whereas it cannot efficiently travel into the other devices or air due to theimpedance mismatch or near-zero group velocity. In this paper, we demonstratethat the tunable index-near-zero (INZ) modes with vanishing wavenumbers ($k=0$)and nonzero group velocities ($v_\mathrm{g} \neq 0$) can be achieved innonreciprocal magneto-optical systems. This kind of INZ modes has beenexperimentally demonstrated in the photonic crystals at Dirac point frequenciesand that impedance-matching effect has been observed as well. Our theoreticalanalysis reveals that the INZ modes exhibit tunability when changing theparameter of the one-way (nonreciprocal) waveguides. Moreover, owing to thezero-phase-shift characteristic and decreasing $v_\mathrm{g}$ of the INZ modes,several perfect optical buffers (POBs) are proposed in the microwave andterahertz regimes. The theoretical results are further verified by thenumerical simulations performed by the finite element method. Our findings mayopen the new avenues for research in the areas of ultra -strong or -fastnonlinearity, perfect cloaking, high-resolution holographic imaging andwireless communications.

Realization of broadband index-near-zero modes in nonreciprocal magneto-optical heterostructures