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The simulation of fermionic relativistic physics, e.g., Dirac and Weylphysics, has led to the discovery of many unprecedented phenomena in photonics,of which the optical-frequency realization is, however, still challenging.Here, surprisingly, we discover that the woodpile photonic crystals commonlyused for optical frequency applications host exotic fermion-like relativisticdegeneracies: a Dirac nodal line and a fourfold quadratic point, as protectedby the nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry. Deforming the woodpile photoniccrystal leads to the emergence of type-II Dirac points from the fourfoldquadratic point. Such type-II Dirac points can be detected by its anomalousrefraction property which is manifested as a giant birefringence in a slabsetup. Our findings provide a promising route towards 3D optical Dirac physicsin all-dielectric photonic crystals.

Possible Realization of Optical Quadratic and Dirac Points in Woodpile Photonic Crystals