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Surface modes (SM) are highly spatially localized modes existing at thecore-cladding interface of photonic-bandgap hollow-core fiber (PBG-HCF). Whencoupling with SM, the air modes (AM) in the core would suffer a higher lossdespite being spectrally within the cladding photonic bandgap, and would behighly dispersive around the avoided crossing (anti-crossing) wavelength. Inthis paper, we numerically demonstrate that such avoided crossings can play animportant role in the tuning of the temperature dependence of group delay of AMof PBG-HCF. At higher temperatures, both the thermal-optic effect and thermalexpansion contribute to the redshift of avoided crossing wavelength, givingrise to a temperature dependence of the AM dispersion. Numerical simulationsshow that the redshift of avoided crossing can significantly tune the thermalcoefficient of delay (TCD) of PBG-HCF from -400 ps/km/K to 400 ps/km/K,approximately -120 ppm/K to 120 ppm/K. In comparison with the known tuningmechanism by the thermal-induced redshift of photonic bandgap [Fokoua et al.,Optica 4, 659, 2017], the tuning of TCD by SM coupling presents a much broadertuning range and higher efficiency. Our finding would provide a new route todesign PBG-HCF for propagation time sensitive applications.

Temperature-Dependent Group Delay of Photonic-Bandgap Hollow-Core Fiber Tuned by Surface-Mode Coupling