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Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretically securemethod to share keys between legitimate users. To achieve large-scaledeployment of QKD, it should be easily scalable and cost-effective. Theinfrastructure construction of quantum access network (QAN) expands networkcapacity and the integration between QKD and classical optical communicationsreduces the cost of channel. Here, we present a practical downstream QAN over a10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network (10G-EPON), which can support up to64 users. In the full coexistence scheme using the single feeder fiberstructure, the co-propagation of QAN and 10G-EPON signals with 9 dB attenuationis achieved over 21 km fiber, and the secure key rate for each of 16 usersreaches 1.5 kbps. In the partial coexistence scheme using the dual feeder fiberstructure, the combination of QAN and full-power 10G-EPON signals is achievedover 11 km with a network capacity of 64-user. The practical QAN over the10G-EPON in our work implements an important step towards the achievement oflarge-scale QKD infrastructure.

Practical quantum access network over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network