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In the second part of our series on integrated photonic spectrographs forastronomy, we present theoretical and experimental results on the design,simulation and characterization of custom-manufactured silica-on-siliconArrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) constructed using the three-stigmatic-pointmethod. We derive several mid-to-high resolution field-flattened AWG designs,targeting resolving powers of 11,000 - 35,000 in the astronomical H-band, byiterative computation of differential coefficients of the optical pathfunction. We use numerical simulations to study the imaging properties of thedesigns in a wide wavelength range between 1500 nm and 1680 nm. Wetheoretically discuss the design-specific degradation of spectral resolvingpower at far-off-centre wavelengths and suggest possible solutions. In theexperimental section, we provide characterization results of seven manufacturedAWG devices of varying free spectral range and resolution. We obtain estimateson spectral resolving powers of up to 27,600 for polarized input at 1550 nmfrom measurements of the channel transmission bandwidth. Furthermore, wenumerically predict expected resolving powers of up to 36,000 in polarized modeand up to 24,000 in unpolarized mode for direct continuous imaging of thespectrum.

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Design, simulation and characterization of integrated photonic  spectrographs for Astronomy II: Low-aberration Generation-II AWG devices with  three stigmatic points