English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are widely applied as compact solutionsfor desired light manipulations via wavefront shaping. Recent advanced chipapplications further require their feature sizes to move down to thesubwavelength, which inevitably brings forth vectorial effects of opticalfields and makes the typical scalar-based theory invalid. However, simulatingand optimizing their vectorial fields, which are associated with billions ofadjustable parameters in the optical element, are difficult to do, because ofthe issues of numerical stability and the highly-demanding computational cost.To address this problem, this research proposes an applicable algorithm bymeans of a wave-vector (k) series approximation of vectorial optical fields. Onthe basis of the semi-analytical rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), anadequate selection scheme on k-series enables computationally efficient yetstill predictive calculations for DOEs. The performance estimations forexemplary designs by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method show thatthe predicted intensity profiles by the proposed algorithm agree with thetarget by just a fractional error. Together with optimizing the geometricaldegrees of freedom (e.g., DOE depth h) as compensation for errors from thetruncation of k-series, the algorithm demonstrates its outperformance by one ortwo orders of magnitude in accuracy versus the scalar-based model, and demandsonly a reasonable computational resource.

K-series approximation of vectorial optical fields for designing diffractive optical elements with subwavelength feature sizes