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We propose and demonstrate a method to achieve large effective Soretcoefficient in colloids by suitably mixing two different particles, e.g.,silica beads and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. It is shown that the thermophoreticmotion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles out of the heating region results in a largenonequlibrium depletion force for silica beads. Consequently, silica beads aredriven quickly to the heating region, forming a three-dimensional crystal withfew defects and dislocations. The binding of silica beads is so tight that acolloidal photonic crystal can be achieved after the complete evaporation ofsolvent, water. Thus, for fabrication of defect free colloidal PCs, periodicstructures for molecular sieves, among others, the proposed technique could bea low cost alternative. In addition as we use biocompatible materials, thistechnique could be a tool for biophysics studies where the potential of largeeffective Soret coefficient could be useful.

Assembling of three-dimensional crystals by large nonequilibrium depletion force