IMPACT OF HARVESTING TERMS AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSING ON CROP AND SOWING QUALITIES OF PEAS

Peas – the main leguminous culture in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The productivity characteristics of peas are determined by such key indicators, as the volume of 1000 seeds, the specific weight, the weight of 1000 seeds, the germination energy and capacity. We conducted an assessment of pea seeds quality, depending on skewing, the humidity of the seeds during threshing, and also selected from the lower, middle and upper beans. The features of growth, development and elements of the crop structure of grown plants from these seeds were studied. Field experiments were conducted in the laboratory of selection and seed-growing of leguminous crops of Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture; laboratory analyzes and statistical analysis of data - at the Soil science, Botany and plant breeding Department of Bashkir State Agrarian University in 2014-2016. The soil of experimental sites are represented by carbonate chernozem. Experiments were laid in triplicate. The registration area of the plots was 150 square meter. During the years of research the meteorological conditions were contrasting. The objects of research were highly productive varieties of pea Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangildin. It was found that the best time to start skewing these varieties of peas for grain comes when the ripening of of beans is 60-70%. Threshing peas with a moisture content of seeds above 19-20% led to a decrease in their germination. Also, our studies showed that the quality of seeds from plants, grown from the seeds of the upper beans, was lower than that of the middle and lower beans. Seeds proved to be of different quality not only in terms of the volume of 1000 seeds, specific gravity and weight of 1000 seeds, but also in productivity. According to the energy of germination and germination, pea seeds, depending on the location of the beans on the plant, did not have significant differences.