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Escovopsis  is a diverse group of fungi, which are considered specialized parasites of the fungal cultivars of fungus-growing ants. The lack of a suitable taxonomic framework and phylogenetic inconsistencies have long hampered  Escovopsis  research. The aim of this study is to reassess the genus  Escovopsis  using a taxonomic approach and a comprehensive multilocus phylogenetic analysis, in order to set the basis of the genus systematics and the stage for future  Escovopsis  research. Our results support the separation of  Escovopsis  into three distinct genera. In light of this, we redefine  Escovopsis  as a monophyletic clade whose main feature is to form terminal vesicles on conidiophores. Consequently,  E. kreiselii  and  E. trichodermoides  were recombined into two new genera,  Sympodiorosea  and  Luteomyces , as  S .  kreiselii  and  L .  trichodermoides , respectively. This study expands our understanding of the systematics of  Escovopsis  and related genera, thereby facilitating future research on the evolutionary history, taxonomic diversity, and ecological roles of these inhabitants of the attine ant colonies.   Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43008-021-00078-8.

Fungi inhabiting attine ant colonies: reassessment of the genus Escovopsis and description of Luteomyces and Sympodiorosea gens. nov.