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Background The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can induce the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the tissues of host plants, thus impacting their allelopathic potential. Materials and methods The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three AMF species ( Rhizoglomus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum ) on photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites content in roots and reproductive organs of  Ipomoea purpurea  L.,  Digitaria sanguinalis  L., and  Solanum nigrum  L. as a problematic weed species. Results Among compared weeds, the roots of  D. sanguinalis  associated with AMF accumulated the highest level of phenols. Higher content of flavonoids was obtained in roots of  S. nigrum ( 7.46 mg g −1  FW )  following colonization with  R. intraradices.  Berries of  S. nigrum  inoculated with  R. intraradices  had a higher concentration of terpenoids (21.45 mg 100 mL −1  of extract) than reproductive organs of  D. sanguinalis  and  I. purpurea   .   Colonization with  R. intraradices  improved total phenolics in seeds of  D. sanguinalis  compared to the reproductive organs of other weeds. These compounds released from seeds help defend against pathogen infection, consequently increasing seed production. In addition, phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme activity in leaves of  D. sanguinalis  colonized by  R. fasciculatum  and  F. mosseae  was 55% and 67%, respectively, higher than  I. purpurea  plants, grown in the same condition. Conclusions Results suggest that AMF can play a crucial role in enhancing of secondary metabolites in these three weeds, thereby improving their allelopathic potential and competitive ability. Graphic Abstract

chemical and biological technologies in agriculture

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots and reproductive organs of Solanum nigrum, Digitaria sanguinalis and Ipomoea purpurea